Preformulation Studies on Ethanolic Extract of Pelargonium Graveolens

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ABSTRACT Medicinal plants have curative properties due to the presence of various complex chemical substance of different composition, which are found as secondary plant metabolites in one or more parts of these plants. Pelargonium graveolens has been used in folk medicines for the treatment of wounds. To substantiate this claim preformulation studies of ethanolic extract of P.graveolens have been undertaken in the present investigation. The objective of pre-formulation testing was to generate information useful to the formulator in developing stable and bio available dosage forms that can be man produced .The preformulation studies was carried out in terms of organoleptic evaluation, physiochemical evaluation, spectroscopic evaluation and biological evaluation. The tested ethanolic extract showed strong activity against clinical pathogen such as E.coli, P.aeroginosa. The result reveals that ethanolic extract of P. graveolens found to be suitable drug for to develop a wound dressing material for advanced wound management. Key words: Pelargonium graveolens, preformulation, wound management. 1. INTRODUCTION Preformulation is a stage of development during which the physicochemical properties of drug substance are characterized. The goals of preformulation studies are to choose the right form of substance, evaluate its physical properties and produce a systematic understanding of material’s stability under various conditions leading to the development of optimum formulation. The role of the preformulation team at every stage of the drug discovery and development process is to select appropriate methods to guide or alert other development teams about drug solubility and permeability issues. Data from preformulation studies minimizes problems in later stages of drug development and provides necessary groundwork for successful formulation attempts thus reducing the cost of development of formulated product. Plant products have been used in different sectors like medical, industrial, veterinary and diagnostic applications. Although phytotherapeutic agents or phytomedicines are standardized herbal preparations that contain, as active ingredients, complex mixtures of plant materials in the crude or processed state. Phytopharmaceuticals are always mixtures of many constituents and are therefore very variable and difficult to characterize. Standardization of the preparation of herbal medicines still poses great challenges today. Therefore, critical steps have to be taken for their proper identification, screening and standardization to ensure quality (WHO, 1998) Pelargonium graveolens L' Her is an aromatic and hairy herbaceous shrub, up to 1 m high. Leaves are prickly and carved, flowers are small, usually pink . Pelargonium species are widely used by traditional healers in the areas of Southern Africa by Sotho, Xhosa and Zulus for its curative and palliative effects in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, fever, respiratory tract infections, wounds, gastroenteritis, haemorrhage, kidney and bladder disorders. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the preformulation properties of P.graveolens ethanolic extract in order to determine its suitability for formulation into thin films for wound management.